research

research4096 wordsMITv1.0.0Repo-owned

research

Deep multi-source research with reviewable plans, source-support auditing, and confidence scoring. Use for technical, academic, market, fact-checking investigation. NOT for code review or simple Q&A.

Quick Start

Install:

npx skills add github:wyattowalsh/agents --skill research -y -g --agent antigravity --agent claude-code --agent codex --agent crush --agent cursor --agent gemini-cli --agent github-copilot --agent grok --agent opencode

Use: /research <question or topic> [--depth quick|standard|deep|exhaustive] [--format brief|deep|bib|matrix]

Works with Claude Code, Gemini CLI, OpenCode, and other agentskills.io-compatible agents.

Repo skill (hand-maintained)

Composed compose-custom-wave-5 from skills/research/SKILL.md with full SKILL disclosure. Do not run wagents docs generate on this file (HAND-MAINTAINED sentinel).

What It Does

General-purpose deep research with multi-source synthesis, confidence scoring, source-support auditing, and anti-hallucination verification. The design follows current deep-research patterns: plan before retrieval, start broad then narrow, coordinate parallel workers through a lead agent, audit whether cited sources actually support each claim, use perspective expansion for breadth, and synthesize into a report rather than a source dump.

Modes

$ARGUMENTS	Action
Question or topic text (has verb or ?)	Investigate — classify complexity, execute wave pipeline
Vague input (<5 words, no verb, no ?)	Intake — ask 2-3 clarifying questions, then classify
check &lt;claim&gt; or verify &lt;claim&gt;	Fact-check — verify claim against 3+ search engines
compare &lt;A&gt; vs &lt;B&gt; [vs &lt;C&gt;...]	Compare — structured comparison with decision matrix output
survey &lt;field or topic&gt;	Survey — landscape mapping, annotated bibliography
track &lt;topic&gt;	Track — load prior journal, search for updates since last session
resume [number or keyword]	Resume — resume a saved research session
list [active, domain, tier]	List — show journal metadata table
archive	Archive — move journals older than 90 days
delete &lt;N&gt;	Delete — delete journal N with confirmation
export [N]	Export — render HTML dashboard for journal N (default: current)
Empty	Gallery — show topic examples + “ask me anything” prompt

Critical Rules

1. No claim >= 0.7 unless supported by 2+ independent sources — single-source claims cap at 0.6
2. Never fabricate citations — if URL, author, title, or date cannot be verified, use vague attribution (“a study in this tradition”) rather than inventing specifics
3. Always surface contradictions explicitly — never silently resolve disagreements; present both sides with evidence
4. Always produce triage scoring before substantial research — user must see and can override complexity tier; wait only when the Plan Gate says approval or clarification is required
5. Save journal after every wave in Deep/Exhaustive mode — enables resume after interruption
6. Never skip Wave 3 (cross-validation and source-support audit) for Standard/Deep/Exhaustive tiers — this is the anti-hallucination mechanism
7. Multi-engine search is mandatory for fact-checking when available — use minimum 3 different search tools (e.g., brave-search + duckduckgo-search + exa); if fewer tools are available, enter degraded mode and cap confidence
8. Apply the Accounting Rule after every parallel dispatch — N dispatched = N accounted for before proceeding to next wave
9. Distinguish facts from interpretations in all output — factual claims carry evidence; interpretive claims are explicitly labeled as analysis
10. Flag all LLM-prior findings — claims matching common training data but lacking fresh evidence must be flagged with bias marker
11. Max confidence 0.4 in degraded mode — when all research tools are unavailable, report all findings as “unverified — based on training knowledge”
12. Load ONE reference file at a time — do not preload all references into context
13. Track mode must load prior journal before searching — avoid re-researching what is already known
14. The synthesis is not a summary — it must integrate findings into novel analysis, identify patterns across sources, and surface emergent insights not present in any single source
15. PreToolUse write guard is non-negotiable — research_hook.py research-readonly-write-guard blocks source-file writes; journals stay under ~/.{gemini\|copilot\|codex\|claude}/research/
16. Stop hook must pass — research_hook.py research-stop-verifier delegates to verify.py stop and confirms tracked skills/research/ files stayed git-clean
17. Normalize legacy findings before synthesis — top-level source_url, source_tool, and confidence_raw must be converted into the canonical evidence[] + confidence shape
18. A citation is not proof by itself — cited source text must support the exact statement; unsupported or merely topical citations lower confidence and appear in the source-support audit

Canonical Vocabulary

Use these canonical terms exactly in plans, journals, delegated task prompts, and final reports.

Term	Definition
query	The user’s research question or topic; the unit of investigation
claim	A discrete assertion to be verified; extracted from sources or user input
source	A specific origin of information: URL, document, database record, or API response
evidence	A source-backed datum supporting or contradicting a claim; always has provenance
provenance	The chain from evidence to source: tool used, URL, access timestamp, excerpt
confidence	Score 0.0-1.0 per claim; based on evidence strength and cross-validation
cross-validation	Verifying a claim across 2+ independent sources; the core anti-hallucination mechanism
triangulation	Confirming a finding using 3+ methodologically diverse sources
contradiction	When two credible sources assert incompatible claims; must be surfaced explicitly
synthesis	The final research product: not a summary but a novel integration of evidence with analysis
plan gate	A compact, reviewable research plan produced after triage and before substantial retrieval
source-support audit	Statement-level check that each cited source actually supports the claim attached to it
support matrix	Table mapping each claim to each cited source with supports, partial, contradicts, or irrelevant
citation anchor	The specific excerpt, section, or data row used to connect a source to a claim
support status	Per-claim/per-source classification: supports, partial, contradicts, or irrelevant
effort budget	Bounded search/delegation plan covering expected workers, source count, depth, and stop conditions
journal	The saved markdown record of a research session, stored in ~/.{gemini|copilot|codex|claude}/research/
sweep	Wave 1: broad parallel search across multiple tools and sources
deep dive	Wave 2: targeted follow-up on specific leads from the sweep
lead	A promising source or thread identified during the sweep, warranting deeper investigation
tier	Complexity classification: Quick (0-2), Standard (3-5), Deep (6-8), Exhaustive (9-10)
finding	A verified claim with evidence chain, confidence score, and provenance; the atomic unit of output
gap	An identified area where evidence is insufficient, contradictory, or absent
bias marker	An explicit flag on a finding indicating potential bias (recency, authority, LLM prior, etc.)
degraded mode	Operation when research tools are unavailable; confidence ceilings applied
capability	A research ability such as web search, docs lookup, extraction, or subagent delegation; tool names are preferred implementations, not guarantees

Complexity Classification

Score the query on 5 dimensions (0-2 each, total 0-10):

Dimension	0	1	2
Scope breadth	Single fact/definition	Multi-faceted, 2-3 domains	Cross-disciplinary, 4+ domains
Source difficulty	Top search results suffice	Specialized databases or multiple source types	Paywalled, fragmented, or conflicting sources
Temporal sensitivity	Stable/historical	Evolving field (months matter)	Fast-moving (days/weeks matter), active controversy
Verification complexity	Easily verifiable (official docs)	2-3 independent sources needed	Contested claims, expert disagreement, no consensus
Synthesis demand	Answer is a fact or list	Compare/contrast viewpoints	Novel integration of conflicting threads

Total	Tier	Strategy
0-2	Quick	Inline, 1-2 searches, fire-and-forget
3-5	Standard	Subagent wave, 3-5 parallel searchers, report delivered
6-8	Deep	Agent team (TeamCreate), 3-5 teammates, interactive session
9-10	Exhaustive	Agent team, 4-6 teammates + nested subagent waves, interactive

Present the scoring through the Plan Gate for Standard, Deep, and Exhaustive work. User can override tier with --depth <tier>.

Scaling Strategy

Scale work by query complexity and available orchestration capabilities:

Scope	Strategy	Delegation
Quick (0-2)	Inline answer after 1-2 searches	No subagents
Standard (3-5)	Parallel broad sweep across 2-5 sub-questions	Use available subagent primitive; otherwise batch sequentially
Deep (6-8)	Lead-driven team workflow with perspective expansion	Use team/subagent primitives when present; otherwise bounded serial waves
Exhaustive (9-10)	Deep workflow plus adversarial and nested waves	Use nested delegation when available; otherwise state degraded throughput explicitly

Capability resolution: Treat named tools and orchestration APIs as preferred capabilities. Claude Code may use Task/TeamCreate; Codex may use dynamic subagents or parallel tool calls; other agents may use their native delegation or run the wave pipeline serially. If no delegation equivalent exists, use degraded orchestration: preserve wave order, reduce breadth, and report the limitation in methodology. Apply confidence ceilings only when source or retrieval capabilities are unavailable, per references/source-selection.md.

Effort budgeting: Bound every Standard+ run before retrieval. State target worker count, expected source count, search depth, extraction depth, and stop conditions. Start broad, then narrow: Wave 1 maximizes source and perspective coverage; Wave 2 spends depth only on high-value leads; Wave 3 spends verification budget on claims likely to survive synthesis.

Wave Pipeline

All non-Quick research follows this 5-wave pipeline. Quick merges Waves 0+1+4 inline.

Wave 0: Triage (always inline, never parallelized)

1. Run !uv run python scripts/research-scanner.py "$ARGUMENTS" for deterministic pre-scan
2. Decompose query into 2-5 sub-questions
3. Score complexity on the 5-dimension rubric
4. Check tool availability — probe key retrieval, extraction, and delegation capabilities; set degraded mode flags and confidence ceilings per references/source-selection.md
5. Select tools per domain signals — read references/source-selection.md
6. Check for existing journals — if track or resume, load prior state
7. Run the Plan Gate — show: complexity score, sub-questions, source families, worker lanes, support-audit strategy, effort budget, estimated tier, and whether execution continues immediately or pauses. User may override.

Wave 1: Broad Sweep (parallel)

Scale by tier:

Quick (inline): 1-2 tool calls sequentially. No subagents.

Standard (subagent wave): Dispatch 3-5 parallel subagents with the platform’s available delegation primitive:

Subagent A → brave-search + duckduckgo-search for sub-question 1
Subagent B → exa + g-search for sub-question 2
Subagent C → context7 / deepwiki / arxiv / semantic-scholar for technical specifics
Subagent D → wikipedia / wikidata for factual grounding
[Subagent E → PubMed / openalex if academic domain detected]

Deep (agent team): Create a research team with the platform’s available team primitive:

Lead: triage (Wave 0), orchestrate, judge reconcile (Wave 3), synthesize (Wave 4)
  |-- web-researcher:       brave-search, duckduckgo-search, exa, g-search
  |-- tech-researcher:      context7, deepwiki, arxiv, semantic-scholar, package-version-check-mcp
  |-- content-extractor:    fetcher, trafilatura, docling, wikipedia, wayback
  |-- [academic-researcher: arxiv, semantic-scholar, openalex, crossref, PubMed]
  |-- [adversarial-reviewer: devil's advocate — counter-search all emerging findings]

Spawn academic-researcher if domain signals include academic/scientific. Spawn adversarial-reviewer for Exhaustive tier or if verification complexity >= 2.

Exhaustive: Deep team + each teammate runs nested subagent waves internally when supported; otherwise use serial batches and label the run “degraded orchestration.”

Each subagent/teammate returns structured findings:

{
  "sub_question": "...",
  "findings": [{
    "claim": "...",
    "confidence": 0.6,
    "evidence": [{"tool": "brave-search", "url": "https://...", "timestamp": "2026-04-24T12:00:00Z", "excerpt": "..."}],
    "cross_validation": "unknown",
    "source_support": [{"url": "https://...", "support_status": "supports|partial|contradicts|irrelevant", "citation_anchor": "...", "support_note": "..."}],
    "bias_markers": [],
    "gaps": []
  }],
  "leads": ["url1", "url2"],
  "gaps": ["could not find data on X"]
}

Wave 1.5: Perspective Expansion (Deep/Exhaustive only)

STORM-style perspective-guided conversation. Spawn 2-4 perspective subagents:

Perspective	Focus	Question Style
Skeptic	What could be wrong? What’s missing?	”What evidence would disprove this?”
Domain Expert	Technical depth, nuance, edge cases	”What do practitioners actually encounter?”
Practitioner	Real-world applicability, trade-offs	”What matters when you actually build this?”
Theorist	First principles, abstractions, frameworks	”What underlying model explains this?”

Each perspective agent reviews Wave 1 findings and generates 2-3 additional sub-questions from their viewpoint. These sub-questions feed into Wave 2.

Wave 2: Deep Dive (parallel, targeted)

1. Rank leads from Wave 1 by potential value (citation frequency, source authority, relevance)
2. Dispatch deep-read subagents — use fetcher/trafilatura/docling to extract full content from top leads
3. Follow citation chains — if a source cites another, fetch the original
4. Fill gaps — for each gap identified in Wave 1, dispatch targeted searches
5. Build preliminary claim-to-source support rows for each source-backed finding
6. Use thinking MCPs:
   • cascade-thinking for multi-perspective analysis of complex findings
   • structured-thinking for tracking evidence chains and contradictions
   • think-strategies for complex question decomposition (Standard+ only)

Wave 3: Cross-Validation and Source-Support Audit (parallel)

The anti-hallucination wave. Read references/evidence-chain.md, references/confidence-rubric.md, and references/self-verification.md.

For every claim surviving Waves 1-2:

1. Independence check — are supporting sources truly independent? Sources citing each other are NOT independent.
2. Counter-search — explicitly search for evidence AGAINST each major claim using a different search engine
3. Freshness check — verify sources are current (flag if >1 year old for time-sensitive topics)
4. Contradiction scan — read references/contradiction-protocol.md, identify and classify disagreements
5. Source-support audit — classify each claim/source pair as supports, partial, contradicts, or irrelevant
6. Citation anchor verification — fetch cited URLs when possible and confirm the cited passage supports the exact claim, not merely the broad topic
7. Confidence scoring — assign 0.0-1.0 per references/confidence-rubric.md, then cap confidence when support is partial, single-source, contradictory, or degraded
8. Bias sweep — check each finding against 10 bias categories (7 core + 3 LLM-specific) per references/bias-detection.md

Self-Verification (3+ findings survive): Spawn devil’s advocate subagent per references/self-verification.md: > For each finding, attempt to disprove it. Search for counterarguments. Check if evidence is outdated. Verify claims actually follow from cited evidence. Flag LLM confabulations.

Adjust confidence: Survives +0.05, Weakened -0.10, Disproven set to 0.0. Adjustments are subject to hard caps — single-source claims remain capped at 0.60 even after survival adjustment.

Wave 4: Synthesis (always inline, lead only)

Produce the final research product. Read references/output-formats.md for templates.

The synthesis is NOT a summary. It must:

1. Answer directly — answer the user’s question clearly
2. Map evidence — all verified findings with confidence and citations
3. Show source support — summarize citation anchor status and unsupported or partially supported statements
4. Surface contradictions — where sources disagree, with analysis of why
5. Show confidence landscape — what is known confidently, what is uncertain, what is unknown
6. Audit biases — biases detected during research
7. Identify gaps — what evidence is missing, what further research would help
8. Distill takeaways — 3-7 numbered key findings
9. Cite sources — full bibliography with provenance

Output format adapts to mode:

• Investigate → Research Brief (Standard) or Deep Report (Deep/Exhaustive)
• Fact-check → Quick Answer with verdict + evidence
• Compare → Decision Matrix
• Survey → Annotated Bibliography
• User can override with --format brief\|deep\|bib\|matrix
• Add a chart, matrix, or dashboard artifact only when it clarifies numeric, comparative, temporal, or source-coverage evidence.

Confidence Scoring

Score	Basis
0.9-1.0	Official docs + 2 independent sources agree, no contradictions
0.7-0.8	2+ independent sources agree, minor qualifications
0.5-0.6	Single authoritative source, or 2 sources with partial agreement
0.3-0.4	Single non-authoritative source, or conflicting evidence
0.2-0.3	Multiple non-authoritative sources with partial agreement, or single source with significant caveats
0.1-0.2	LLM reasoning only, no external evidence found
0.0	Actively contradicted by evidence

Hard rules:

• No claim reported at >= 0.7 unless supported by 2+ independent sources
• Single-source claims cap at 0.6 regardless of source authority
• Degraded mode (all research tools unavailable): max confidence 0.4, all findings labeled “unverified”

Merged confidence (for claims supported by multiple sources): c_merged = 1 - (1-c1)(1-c2)...(1-cN) capped at 0.99

Evidence Chain Structure

Every finding carries this structure:

FINDING RR-{seq:03d}: [claim statement]
  CONFIDENCE: [0.0-1.0]
  EVIDENCE:
    1. [source_tool] [url] [access_timestamp] — [relevant excerpt, max 100 words]
    2. [source_tool] [url] [access_timestamp] — [relevant excerpt, max 100 words]
  CROSS-VALIDATION: [agrees|contradicts|partial] across [N] independent sources
  SOURCE SUPPORT SUMMARY: [verified|partial|unsupported|contradicted] derived from per-source `support_status` rows
  BIAS MARKERS: [none | list of detected biases with category]
  GAPS: [none | what additional evidence would strengthen this finding]

Use !uv run python scripts/finding-formatter.py --format markdown to normalize.

Source Selection

Read references/source-selection.md during Wave 0 for the full tool-to-domain mapping. Summary:

Domain Signal	Primary Tools	Secondary Tools
Library/API docs	llms.txt/llms-full.txt, context7, deepwiki, package-version-check-mcp	brave-search
Academic/scientific	arxiv, semantic-scholar, PubMed, openalex	crossref, brave-search
Current events/trends	brave-search, exa, duckduckgo-search, g-search	fetcher, trafilatura
GitHub repos/OSS	deepwiki, repomix	brave-search
General knowledge	wikipedia, wikidata, brave-search	fetcher
Historical content	wayback, brave-search	fetcher
Fact-checking	3+ search engines mandatory when available	wikidata for structured claims
PDF/document analysis	docling	trafilatura

Multi-engine protocol: For any claim requiring verification, use minimum 2 different search engines or independent source families. Fact-checking mode requires 3+ search engines when available. If fewer engines are available, report degraded mode, use the fallback confidence ceilings in references/source-selection.md, and explain the missing retrieval capabilities.

Progressive Disclosure

Load only the next required reference:

1. Start with this file for routing, classification, and wave order.
2. Load references/source-selection.md during Wave 0 only.
3. Load validation references during Wave 3 only: evidence-chain, confidence, contradiction, self-verification, and bias files as needed.
4. Load references/output-formats.md or references/dashboard-schema.md only when producing final output or exports.
5. Never preload all references; summarize tool limitations instead of filling context with unused mappings.

Bias Detection

Check every finding against 10 bias categories. Read references/bias-detection.md for full detection signals and mitigation strategies.

Bias	Detection Signal	Mitigation
LLM prior	Matches common training patterns, lacks fresh evidence	Flag; require fresh source confirmation
Recency	Overweighting recent results, ignoring historical context	Search for historical perspective
Authority	Uncritically accepting prestigious sources	Cross-validate even authoritative claims
Confirmation	Queries constructed to confirm initial hypothesis	Use neutral queries; search for counterarguments
Survivorship	Only finding successful examples	Search for failures/counterexamples
Selection	Search engine bubble, English-only	Use multiple engines; note coverage limitations
Anchoring	First source disproportionately shapes interpretation	Document first source separately; seek contrast

State Management

• Journal path: ~/.{gemini\|copilot\|codex\|claude}/research/
• Archive path: ~/.{gemini\|copilot\|codex\|claude}/research/archive/
• Filename convention: {YYYY-MM-DD}-{domain}-{slug}.md
  • {domain}: tech, academic, market, policy, factcheck, compare, survey, track, general
  • {slug}: 3-5 word semantic summary, kebab-case
  • Collision: append -v2, -v3
• Format: YAML frontmatter + markdown body + <!-- STATE --> blocks

Save protocol:

• Quick: save once at end with status: Complete
• Standard/Deep/Exhaustive: save after Wave 1 with status: In Progress, update after each wave, finalize after synthesis

Resume protocol:

1. resume (no args): find status: In Progress journals. One → auto-resume. Multiple → show list.
2. resume N: Nth journal from list output (reverse chronological).
3. resume keyword: search frontmatter query and domain_tags for match.

Use !uv run python scripts/journal-store.py for all journal operations.

State snapshot (appended after each wave save):

<!-- STATE
wave_completed: 2
findings_count: 12
leads_pending: ["url1", "url2"]
gaps: ["topic X needs more sources"]
contradictions: 1
next_action: "Wave 3: cross-validate top 8 findings"
-->

In-Session Commands (Deep/Exhaustive)

Available during active research sessions:

Command	Effect
drill <finding #>	Deep dive into a specific finding with more sources
pivot <new angle>	Redirect research to a new sub-question
counter <finding #>	Explicitly search for evidence against a finding
export	Render HTML dashboard
status	Show current research state without advancing
sources	List all sources consulted so far
confidence	Show confidence distribution across findings
gaps	List identified knowledge gaps
?	Show command menu

Read references/session-commands.md for full protocols.

Stop Hooks

Research-mode stop verification is mandatory when runtime hooks are active. research_hook.py research-stop-verifier delegates to verify.py stop, which checks that tracked files under skills/research/ stayed clean in git during the session. Source-file writes are blocked separately by research-readonly-write-guard. If stop verification fails, report the exact reason and do not claim the run is complete.

Validation Contract

Run from the repository root before declaring changes complete:

(cd skills/research && uv run python scripts/check.py)
uv run pytest tests/test_wagents_hook.py -q -k "readonly_guard or stop_verifier or shell_write_guard"

Completion criteria:

1. scripts/check.py exits 0 after running skill validation, eval validation, package dry-run, and repo audit checks available in the current checkout.
2. The bundled validator reports valid skill metadata and eval manifests.
3. The bundled packaging dry-run reports portable: true.
4. Research hook smoke tests pass for readonly guard and stop verifier behavior.
5. Portable package checks remain free of absolute paths and repo control-plane CLI requirements.

Public Metadata

Field	Value
Source Type	repo-owned
Display Source	github:wyattowalsh/agents
Source Kind	repo
Installability	portable command
Review State	reviewed
Target Agents	antigravity, claude-code, codex, crush, cursor, gemini-cli, github-copilot, grok, opencode

General

Field	Value
Name	research
License	MIT
Version	1.0.0
Author	wyattowalsh

Claude Code

Field	Value
Model	opus
Argument Hint	`[question or topic] [—depth quick

Full SKILL.md

skills/research/SKILL.md

---
name: research
description: >-
  Deep multi-source research with reviewable plans, source-support auditing,
  and confidence scoring. Use for technical, academic, market, fact-checking
  investigation. NOT for code review or simple Q&A.
argument-hint: "<question or topic> [--depth quick|standard|deep|exhaustive] [--format brief|deep|bib|matrix]"
model: opus
license: MIT
metadata:
  author: wyattowalsh
  version: "1.0.0"
---
# Deep Research

General-purpose deep research with multi-source synthesis, confidence scoring, source-support auditing, and anti-hallucination verification. The design follows current deep-research patterns: plan before retrieval, start broad then narrow, coordinate parallel workers through a lead agent, audit whether cited sources actually support each claim, use perspective expansion for breadth, and synthesize into a report rather than a source dump.

## Canonical Vocabulary

Use these canonical terms exactly in plans, journals, delegated task prompts, and final reports.

| Term | Definition |
|------|-----------|
| **query** | The user's research question or topic; the unit of investigation |
| **claim** | A discrete assertion to be verified; extracted from sources or user input |
| **source** | A specific origin of information: URL, document, database record, or API response |
| **evidence** | A source-backed datum supporting or contradicting a claim; always has provenance |
| **provenance** | The chain from evidence to source: tool used, URL, access timestamp, excerpt |
| **confidence** | Score 0.0-1.0 per claim; based on evidence strength and cross-validation |
| **cross-validation** | Verifying a claim across 2+ independent sources; the core anti-hallucination mechanism |
| **triangulation** | Confirming a finding using 3+ methodologically diverse sources |
| **contradiction** | When two credible sources assert incompatible claims; must be surfaced explicitly |
| **synthesis** | The final research product: not a summary but a novel integration of evidence with analysis |
| **plan gate** | A compact, reviewable research plan produced after triage and before substantial retrieval |
| **source-support audit** | Statement-level check that each cited source actually supports the claim attached to it |
| **support matrix** | Table mapping each claim to each cited source with `supports`, `partial`, `contradicts`, or `irrelevant` |
| **citation anchor** | The specific excerpt, section, or data row used to connect a source to a claim |
| **support status** | Per-claim/per-source classification: `supports`, `partial`, `contradicts`, or `irrelevant` |
| **effort budget** | Bounded search/delegation plan covering expected workers, source count, depth, and stop conditions |
| **journal** | The saved markdown record of a research session, stored in `~/.{gemini|copilot|codex|claude}/research/` |
| **sweep** | Wave 1: broad parallel search across multiple tools and sources |
| **deep dive** | Wave 2: targeted follow-up on specific leads from the sweep |
| **lead** | A promising source or thread identified during the sweep, warranting deeper investigation |
| **tier** | Complexity classification: Quick (0-2), Standard (3-5), Deep (6-8), Exhaustive (9-10) |
| **finding** | A verified claim with evidence chain, confidence score, and provenance; the atomic unit of output |
| **gap** | An identified area where evidence is insufficient, contradictory, or absent |
| **bias marker** | An explicit flag on a finding indicating potential bias (recency, authority, LLM prior, etc.) |
| **degraded mode** | Operation when research tools are unavailable; confidence ceilings applied |
| **capability** | A research ability such as web search, docs lookup, extraction, or subagent delegation; tool names are preferred implementations, not guarantees |

## Dispatch

| `$ARGUMENTS` | Action |
|---|---|
| Question or topic text (has verb or `?`) | **Investigate** — classify complexity, execute wave pipeline |
| Vague input (<5 words, no verb, no `?`) | **Intake** — ask 2-3 clarifying questions, then classify |
| `check <claim>` or `verify <claim>` | **Fact-check** — verify claim against 3+ search engines |
| `compare <A> vs <B> [vs <C>...]` | **Compare** — structured comparison with decision matrix output |
| `survey <field or topic>` | **Survey** — landscape mapping, annotated bibliography |
| `track <topic>` | **Track** — load prior journal, search for updates since last session |
| `resume [number or keyword]` | **Resume** — resume a saved research session |
| `list [active, domain, tier]` | **List** — show journal metadata table |
| `archive` | **Archive** — move journals older than 90 days |
| `delete <N>` | **Delete** — delete journal N with confirmation |
| `export [N]` | **Export** — render HTML dashboard for journal N (default: current) |
| Empty | **Gallery** — show topic examples + "ask me anything" prompt |

### Auto-Detection Heuristic

If no mode keyword matches:

1. Ends with `?` or starts with question word (who/what/when/where/why/how/is/are/can/does/should/will) → **Investigate**
2. Contains `vs`, `versus`, `compared to`, `or` between noun phrases → **Compare**
3. Declarative statement with factual claim, no question syntax → **Fact-check**
4. Broad field name with no specific question → ask: "Investigate a specific question, or survey the entire field?"
5. Ambiguous → ask: "Would you like me to investigate this question, verify this claim, or survey this field?"

### Plan Gate

Produce a triage packet before substantial retrieval for Standard, Deep, and Exhaustive research:

1. Restate the research question, audience, assumptions, constraints, and high-stakes or private-source risks.
2. Show complexity score, tier, mode, source difficulty, verification complexity, and effort budget.
3. List sub-questions, source families, planned worker lanes, retrieval/extraction capabilities, and degraded-mode limits.
4. State the source-support audit strategy, including how citation anchors and support statuses will be checked.
5. State whether execution continues immediately or pauses for user review.

Pause conditions override continue conditions. Pause for user input when the topic is high-stakes, ambiguous after triage, asks for private or credentialed sources, or the user explicitly requests plan review. When pause is due to user-pivotal scope or audience uncertainty, apply `instructions/global.md` Depth routing and invoke `/grill-me` before substantial retrieval. Factual or evidence gaps stay on the research Plan Gate, not grill-me. In noninteractive harnesses, emit the Plan Gate with blockers and stop before substantial retrieval for those pause cases. Continue without waiting only when the question is clear, non-sensitive, and has no pause condition. Quick tier may skip the formal gate but must include a short methodology note in the answer.

### Gallery (Empty Arguments)

Present research examples spanning domains:

| # | Domain | Example | Likely Tier |
|---|--------|---------|-------------|
| 1 | Technology | "What are the current best practices for LLM agent architectures?" | Deep |
| 2 | Academic | "What is the state of evidence on intermittent fasting for longevity?" | Standard |
| 3 | Market | "How does the competitive landscape for vector databases compare?" | Deep |
| 4 | Fact-check | "Is it true that 90% of startups fail within the first year?" | Standard |
| 5 | Architecture | "When should you choose event sourcing over CRUD?" | Standard |
| 6 | Trends | "What emerging programming languages gained traction in 2025-2026?" | Standard |

> Pick a number, paste your own question, or type `guide me`.

### Skill Awareness

Before starting research, check if another skill is a better fit:

| Signal | Redirect |
|--------|----------|
| Code review, PR review, diff analysis | Suggest `/review` |
| Strategic decision with adversaries, game theory | Suggest `/wargame` |
| Multi-perspective expert debate | Suggest `/host-panel` |
| Prompt optimization, model-specific prompting | Suggest `/prompt-engineer` |

If the user confirms they want general research, proceed.

For repo-owned CLI skill-first routing (`/ffmpeg`, `/yt-dlp`, `/trafilatura`, `/pentest`), see the **Repo CLI skills** table in `references/source-selection.md`.

## Complexity Classification

Score the query on 5 dimensions (0-2 each, total 0-10):

| Dimension | 0 | 1 | 2 |
|-----------|---|---|---|
| **Scope breadth** | Single fact/definition | Multi-faceted, 2-3 domains | Cross-disciplinary, 4+ domains |
| **Source difficulty** | Top search results suffice | Specialized databases or multiple source types | Paywalled, fragmented, or conflicting sources |
| **Temporal sensitivity** | Stable/historical | Evolving field (months matter) | Fast-moving (days/weeks matter), active controversy |
| **Verification complexity** | Easily verifiable (official docs) | 2-3 independent sources needed | Contested claims, expert disagreement, no consensus |
| **Synthesis demand** | Answer is a fact or list | Compare/contrast viewpoints | Novel integration of conflicting threads |

| Total | Tier | Strategy |
|-------|------|----------|
| 0-2 | **Quick** | Inline, 1-2 searches, fire-and-forget |
| 3-5 | **Standard** | Subagent wave, 3-5 parallel searchers, report delivered |
| 6-8 | **Deep** | Agent team (TeamCreate), 3-5 teammates, interactive session |
| 9-10 | **Exhaustive** | Agent team, 4-6 teammates + nested subagent waves, interactive |

Present the scoring through the Plan Gate for Standard, Deep, and Exhaustive work. User can override tier with `--depth <tier>`.

## Scaling Strategy

Scale work by query complexity and available orchestration capabilities:

| Scope | Strategy | Delegation |
|-------|----------|------------|
| Quick (0-2) | Inline answer after 1-2 searches | No subagents |
| Standard (3-5) | Parallel broad sweep across 2-5 sub-questions | Use available subagent primitive; otherwise batch sequentially |
| Deep (6-8) | Lead-driven team workflow with perspective expansion | Use team/subagent primitives when present; otherwise bounded serial waves |
| Exhaustive (9-10) | Deep workflow plus adversarial and nested waves | Use nested delegation when available; otherwise state degraded throughput explicitly |

**Capability resolution:** Treat named tools and orchestration APIs as preferred capabilities. Claude Code may use `Task`/`TeamCreate`; Codex may use dynamic subagents or parallel tool calls; other agents may use their native delegation or run the wave pipeline serially. If no delegation equivalent exists, use degraded orchestration: preserve wave order, reduce breadth, and report the limitation in methodology. Apply confidence ceilings only when source or retrieval capabilities are unavailable, per `references/source-selection.md`.

**Effort budgeting:** Bound every Standard+ run before retrieval. State target worker count, expected source count, search depth, extraction depth, and stop conditions. Start broad, then narrow: Wave 1 maximizes source and perspective coverage; Wave 2 spends depth only on high-value leads; Wave 3 spends verification budget on claims likely to survive synthesis.

## Wave Pipeline

All non-Quick research follows this 5-wave pipeline. Quick merges Waves 0+1+4 inline.

### Wave 0: Triage (always inline, never parallelized)

1. Run `!uv run python scripts/research-scanner.py "$ARGUMENTS"` for deterministic pre-scan
2. Decompose query into 2-5 sub-questions
3. Score complexity on the 5-dimension rubric
4. Check tool availability — probe key retrieval, extraction, and delegation capabilities; set degraded mode flags and confidence ceilings per `references/source-selection.md`
5. Select tools per domain signals — read `references/source-selection.md`
6. Check for existing journals — if `track` or `resume`, load prior state
7. **Run the Plan Gate** — show: complexity score, sub-questions, source families, worker lanes, support-audit strategy, effort budget, estimated tier, and whether execution continues immediately or pauses. User may override.

### Wave 1: Broad Sweep (parallel)

Scale by tier:

**Quick (inline):** 1-2 tool calls sequentially. No subagents.

**Standard (subagent wave):** Dispatch 3-5 parallel subagents with the platform's available delegation primitive:
```
Subagent A → brave-search + duckduckgo-search for sub-question 1
Subagent B → exa + g-search for sub-question 2
Subagent C → context7 / deepwiki / arxiv / semantic-scholar for technical specifics
Subagent D → wikipedia / wikidata for factual grounding
[Subagent E → PubMed / openalex if academic domain detected]
```

**Deep (agent team):** Create a research team with the platform's available team primitive:
```
Lead: triage (Wave 0), orchestrate, judge reconcile (Wave 3), synthesize (Wave 4)
  |-- web-researcher:       brave-search, duckduckgo-search, ddgs, exa, g-search
  |-- tech-researcher:      context7, deepwiki, arxiv, semantic-scholar, package-version-check-mcp
  |-- content-extractor:    fetcher, trafilatura, docling, wikipedia, wayback
  |-- [academic-researcher: arxiv, semantic-scholar, openalex, crossref, PubMed]
  |-- [adversarial-reviewer: devil's advocate — counter-search all emerging findings]
```
Spawn academic-researcher if domain signals include academic/scientific. Spawn adversarial-reviewer for Exhaustive tier or if verification complexity >= 2.

**Exhaustive:** Deep team + each teammate runs nested subagent waves internally when supported; otherwise use serial batches and label the run "degraded orchestration."

Each subagent/teammate returns structured findings:
```json
{
  "sub_question": "...",
  "findings": [{
    "claim": "...",
    "confidence": 0.6,
    "evidence": [{"tool": "brave-search", "url": "https://...", "timestamp": "2026-04-24T12:00:00Z", "excerpt": "..."}],
    "cross_validation": "unknown",
    "source_support": [{"url": "https://...", "support_status": "supports|partial|contradicts|irrelevant", "citation_anchor": "...", "support_note": "..."}],
    "bias_markers": [],
    "gaps": []
  }],
  "leads": ["url1", "url2"],
  "gaps": ["could not find data on X"]
}
```

### Wave 1.5: Perspective Expansion (Deep/Exhaustive only)

STORM-style perspective-guided conversation. Spawn 2-4 perspective subagents:

| Perspective | Focus | Question Style |
|-------------|-------|---------------|
| **Skeptic** | What could be wrong? What's missing? | "What evidence would disprove this?" |
| **Domain Expert** | Technical depth, nuance, edge cases | "What do practitioners actually encounter?" |
| **Practitioner** | Real-world applicability, trade-offs | "What matters when you actually build this?" |
| **Theorist** | First principles, abstractions, frameworks | "What underlying model explains this?" |

Each perspective agent reviews Wave 1 findings and generates 2-3 additional sub-questions from their viewpoint. These sub-questions feed into Wave 2.

### Wave 2: Deep Dive (parallel, targeted)

1. Rank leads from Wave 1 by potential value (citation frequency, source authority, relevance)
2. Dispatch deep-read subagents — prefer `/trafilatura` on shell harnesses, else fetcher/trafilatura MCP/docling to extract full content from top leads
3. Follow citation chains — if a source cites another, fetch the original
4. Fill gaps — for each gap identified in Wave 1, dispatch targeted searches
5. Build preliminary claim-to-source support rows for each source-backed finding
6. Use thinking MCPs:
   - `cascade-thinking` for multi-perspective analysis of complex findings
   - `structured-thinking` for tracking evidence chains and contradictions
   - `think-strategies` for complex question decomposition (Standard+ only)

### Wave 3: Cross-Validation and Source-Support Audit (parallel)

The anti-hallucination wave. Read `references/evidence-chain.md`, `references/confidence-rubric.md`, and `references/self-verification.md`.

For every claim surviving Waves 1-2:

1. **Independence check** — are supporting sources truly independent? Sources citing each other are NOT independent.
2. **Counter-search** — explicitly search for evidence AGAINST each major claim using a different search engine
3. **Freshness check** — verify sources are current (flag if >1 year old for time-sensitive topics)
4. **Contradiction scan** — read `references/contradiction-protocol.md`, identify and classify disagreements
5. **Source-support audit** — classify each claim/source pair as `supports`, `partial`, `contradicts`, or `irrelevant`
6. **Citation anchor verification** — fetch cited URLs when possible and confirm the cited passage supports the exact claim, not merely the broad topic
7. **Confidence scoring** — assign 0.0-1.0 per `references/confidence-rubric.md`, then cap confidence when support is partial, single-source, contradictory, or degraded
8. **Bias sweep** — check each finding against 10 bias categories (7 core + 3 LLM-specific) per `references/bias-detection.md`

**Self-Verification (3+ findings survive):** Spawn devil's advocate subagent per `references/self-verification.md`:
> For each finding, attempt to disprove it. Search for counterarguments. Check if evidence is outdated. Verify claims actually follow from cited evidence. Flag LLM confabulations.

Adjust confidence: Survives +0.05, Weakened -0.10, Disproven set to 0.0.
Adjustments are subject to hard caps — single-source claims remain capped at 0.60 even after survival adjustment.

### Wave 4: Synthesis (always inline, lead only)

Produce the final research product. Read `references/output-formats.md` for templates.

The synthesis is NOT a summary. It must:

1. **Answer directly** — answer the user's question clearly
2. **Map evidence** — all verified findings with confidence and citations
3. **Show source support** — summarize citation anchor status and unsupported or partially supported statements
4. **Surface contradictions** — where sources disagree, with analysis of why
5. **Show confidence landscape** — what is known confidently, what is uncertain, what is unknown
6. **Audit biases** — biases detected during research
7. **Identify gaps** — what evidence is missing, what further research would help
8. **Distill takeaways** — 3-7 numbered key findings
9. **Cite sources** — full bibliography with provenance

**Output format** adapts to mode:
- Investigate → Research Brief (Standard) or Deep Report (Deep/Exhaustive)
- Fact-check → Quick Answer with verdict + evidence
- Compare → Decision Matrix
- Survey → Annotated Bibliography
- User can override with `--format brief|deep|bib|matrix`
- Add a chart, matrix, or dashboard artifact only when it clarifies numeric, comparative, temporal, or source-coverage evidence.

## Confidence Scoring

| Score | Basis |
|-------|-------|
| 0.9-1.0 | Official docs + 2 independent sources agree, no contradictions |
| 0.7-0.8 | 2+ independent sources agree, minor qualifications |
| 0.5-0.6 | Single authoritative source, or 2 sources with partial agreement |
| 0.3-0.4 | Single non-authoritative source, or conflicting evidence |
| 0.2-0.3 | Multiple non-authoritative sources with partial agreement, or single source with significant caveats |
| 0.1-0.2 | LLM reasoning only, no external evidence found |
| 0.0 | Actively contradicted by evidence |

**Hard rules:**
- No claim reported at >= 0.7 unless supported by 2+ independent sources
- Single-source claims cap at 0.6 regardless of source authority
- Degraded mode (all research tools unavailable): max confidence 0.4, all findings labeled "unverified"

**Merged confidence** (for claims supported by multiple sources):
`c_merged = 1 - (1-c1)(1-c2)...(1-cN)` capped at 0.99

## Evidence Chain Structure

Every finding carries this structure:

```
FINDING RR-{seq:03d}: [claim statement]
  CONFIDENCE: [0.0-1.0]
  EVIDENCE:
    1. [source_tool] [url] [access_timestamp] — [relevant excerpt, max 100 words]
    2. [source_tool] [url] [access_timestamp] — [relevant excerpt, max 100 words]
  CROSS-VALIDATION: [agrees|contradicts|partial] across [N] independent sources
  SOURCE SUPPORT SUMMARY: [verified|partial|unsupported|contradicted] derived from per-source `support_status` rows
  BIAS MARKERS: [none | list of detected biases with category]
  GAPS: [none | what additional evidence would strengthen this finding]
```

Use `!uv run python scripts/finding-formatter.py --format markdown` to normalize.

## Source Selection

Read `references/source-selection.md` during Wave 0 for the full tool-to-domain mapping. Summary:

| Domain Signal | Primary Tools | Secondary Tools |
|--------------|---------------|-----------------|
| Library/API docs | `llms.txt`/`llms-full.txt`, context7, deepwiki, package-version-check-mcp | brave-search |
| Academic/scientific | arxiv, semantic-scholar, PubMed, openalex | crossref, brave-search |
| Current events/trends | brave-search, exa, duckduckgo-search, ddgs, g-search | fetcher, trafilatura |
| GitHub repos/OSS | deepwiki, repomix | brave-search |
| General knowledge | wikipedia, wikidata, brave-search | fetcher |
| Historical content | wayback, brave-search | fetcher |
| Fact-checking | 3+ search engines mandatory when available | wikidata for structured claims |
| PDF/document analysis | docling | trafilatura |

**Multi-engine protocol:** For any claim requiring verification, use minimum 2 different search engines or independent source families. Fact-checking mode requires 3+ search engines when available. If fewer engines are available, report degraded mode, use the fallback confidence ceilings in `references/source-selection.md`, and explain the missing retrieval capabilities.

## Progressive Disclosure

Load only the next required reference:

1. Start with this file for routing, classification, and wave order.
2. Load `references/source-selection.md` during Wave 0 only.
3. Load validation references during Wave 3 only: evidence-chain, confidence, contradiction, self-verification, and bias files as needed.
4. Load `references/output-formats.md` or `references/dashboard-schema.md` only when producing final output or exports.
5. Never preload all references; summarize tool limitations instead of filling context with unused mappings.

## Bias Detection

Check every finding against 10 bias categories. Read `references/bias-detection.md` for full detection signals and mitigation strategies.

| Bias | Detection Signal | Mitigation |
|------|-----------------|------------|
| **LLM prior** | Matches common training patterns, lacks fresh evidence | Flag; require fresh source confirmation |
| **Recency** | Overweighting recent results, ignoring historical context | Search for historical perspective |
| **Authority** | Uncritically accepting prestigious sources | Cross-validate even authoritative claims |
| **Confirmation** | Queries constructed to confirm initial hypothesis | Use neutral queries; search for counterarguments |
| **Survivorship** | Only finding successful examples | Search for failures/counterexamples |
| **Selection** | Search engine bubble, English-only | Use multiple engines; note coverage limitations |
| **Anchoring** | First source disproportionately shapes interpretation | Document first source separately; seek contrast |

## State Management

- **Journal path:** `~/.{gemini|copilot|codex|claude}/research/`
- **Archive path:** `~/.{gemini|copilot|codex|claude}/research/archive/`
- **Filename convention:** `{YYYY-MM-DD}-{domain}-{slug}.md`
  - `{domain}`: `tech`, `academic`, `market`, `policy`, `factcheck`, `compare`, `survey`, `track`, `general`
  - `{slug}`: 3-5 word semantic summary, kebab-case
  - Collision: append `-v2`, `-v3`
- **Format:** YAML frontmatter + markdown body + `<!-- STATE -->` blocks

**Save protocol:**
- Quick: save once at end with `status: Complete`
- Standard/Deep/Exhaustive: save after Wave 1 with `status: In Progress`, update after each wave, finalize after synthesis

**Resume protocol:**
1. `resume` (no args): find `status: In Progress` journals. One → auto-resume. Multiple → show list.
2. `resume N`: Nth journal from `list` output (reverse chronological).
3. `resume keyword`: search frontmatter `query` and `domain_tags` for match.

Use `!uv run python scripts/journal-store.py` for all journal operations.

**State snapshot** (appended after each wave save):
```html
<!-- STATE
wave_completed: 2
findings_count: 12
leads_pending: ["url1", "url2"]
gaps: ["topic X needs more sources"]
contradictions: 1
next_action: "Wave 3: cross-validate top 8 findings"
-->
```

## In-Session Commands (Deep/Exhaustive)

Available during active research sessions:

| Command | Effect |
|---------|--------|
| `drill <finding #>` | Deep dive into a specific finding with more sources |
| `pivot <new angle>` | Redirect research to a new sub-question |
| `counter <finding #>` | Explicitly search for evidence against a finding |
| `export` | Render HTML dashboard |
| `status` | Show current research state without advancing |
| `sources` | List all sources consulted so far |
| `confidence` | Show confidence distribution across findings |
| `gaps` | List identified knowledge gaps |
| `?` | Show command menu |

Read `references/session-commands.md` for full protocols.

## Reference File Index

| File | Content | Read When |
|------|---------|-----------|
| `references/source-selection.md` | Tool-to-domain mapping, multi-engine protocol, degraded mode | Wave 0 (selecting tools) |
| `references/confidence-rubric.md` | Scoring rubric, cross-validation rules, independence checks | Wave 3 (assigning confidence) |
| `references/evidence-chain.md` | Finding template, provenance format, citation standards | Any wave (structuring evidence) |
| `references/bias-detection.md` | 10 bias categories (7 core + 3 LLM-specific), detection signals, mitigation strategies | Wave 3 (bias audit) |
| `references/contradiction-protocol.md` | 4 contradiction types, resolution framework | Wave 3 (contradiction detection) |
| `references/self-verification.md` | Devil's advocate protocol, hallucination detection | Wave 3 (self-verification) |
| `references/output-formats.md` | Templates for all 5 output formats | Wave 4 (formatting output) |
| `references/team-templates.md` | Team archetypes, subagent prompts, perspective agents | Wave 0 (designing team) |
| `references/session-commands.md` | In-session command protocols | When user issues in-session command |
| `references/dashboard-schema.md` | JSON data contract for HTML dashboard | `export` command |

**Loading rule:** Load ONE reference at a time per the "Read When" column. Do not preload.

## Stop Hooks

Research-mode stop verification is mandatory when runtime hooks are active. `research_hook.py research-stop-verifier` delegates to `verify.py stop`, which checks that tracked files under `skills/research/` stayed clean in git during the session. Source-file writes are blocked separately by `research-readonly-write-guard`. If stop verification fails, report the exact reason and do not claim the run is complete.

## Validation Contract

Run from the repository root before declaring changes complete:

```bash
(cd skills/research && uv run python scripts/check.py)
uv run pytest tests/test_wagents_hook.py -q -k "readonly_guard or stop_verifier or shell_write_guard"
```

Completion criteria:

1. `scripts/check.py` exits 0 after running skill validation, eval validation, package dry-run, and repo audit checks available in the current checkout.
2. The bundled validator reports valid skill metadata and eval manifests.
3. The bundled packaging dry-run reports `portable: true`.
4. Research hook smoke tests pass for readonly guard and stop verifier behavior.
5. Portable package checks remain free of absolute paths and repo control-plane CLI requirements.

## Critical Rules

1. **No claim >= 0.7 unless supported by 2+ independent sources** — single-source claims cap at 0.6
2. **Never fabricate citations** — if URL, author, title, or date cannot be verified, use vague attribution ("a study in this tradition") rather than inventing specifics
3. **Always surface contradictions explicitly** — never silently resolve disagreements; present both sides with evidence
4. **Always produce triage scoring before substantial research** — user must see and can override complexity tier; wait only when the Plan Gate says approval or clarification is required
5. **Save journal after every wave in Deep/Exhaustive mode** — enables resume after interruption
6. **Never skip Wave 3 (cross-validation and source-support audit) for Standard/Deep/Exhaustive tiers** — this is the anti-hallucination mechanism
7. **Multi-engine search is mandatory for fact-checking when available** — use minimum 3 different search tools (e.g., brave-search + duckduckgo-search + exa); if fewer tools are available, enter degraded mode and cap confidence
8. **Apply the Accounting Rule after every parallel dispatch** — N dispatched = N accounted for before proceeding to next wave
9. **Distinguish facts from interpretations in all output** — factual claims carry evidence; interpretive claims are explicitly labeled as analysis
10. **Flag all LLM-prior findings** — claims matching common training data but lacking fresh evidence must be flagged with bias marker
11. **Max confidence 0.4 in degraded mode** — when all research tools are unavailable, report all findings as "unverified — based on training knowledge"
12. **Load ONE reference file at a time** — do not preload all references into context
13. **Track mode must load prior journal before searching** — avoid re-researching what is already known
14. **The synthesis is not a summary** — it must integrate findings into novel analysis, identify patterns across sources, and surface emergent insights not present in any single source
15. **PreToolUse write guard is non-negotiable** — `research_hook.py research-readonly-write-guard` blocks source-file writes; journals stay under `~/.{gemini|copilot|codex|claude}/research/`
16. **Stop hook must pass** — `research_hook.py research-stop-verifier` delegates to `verify.py stop` and confirms tracked `skills/research/` files stayed git-clean
17. **Normalize legacy findings before synthesis** — top-level `source_url`, `source_tool`, and `confidence_raw` must be converted into the canonical `evidence[]` + `confidence` shape
18. **A citation is not proof by itself** — cited source text must support the exact statement; unsupported or merely topical citations lower confidence and appear in the source-support audit

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